Blog Post
Allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis and Treatment Options
If you’ve ever felt like your nose has declared war on your day, you’re not alone. Millions of people experience the sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes that come with allergic rhinitis.
We are excited to announce that our new Stadium Trace Location in Hoover is NOW OPEN! Click here for more information.
Whether triggered by pollen in the spring or dust mites lurking year-round, allergic rhinitis is a chronic condition that can impact your sleep, energy, and overall well-being.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through what allergic rhinitis is, how it’s diagnosed, and the full range of treatment options available. If you’re struggling with allergy symptoms that just won’t quit, Dr. Scott Roberson and his team are here to help you breathe easier.
What Is Allergic Rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis, often referred to as hay fever, is a condition where your immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. When you breathe in these allergens, your body produces a chemical called histamine, which causes inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages.
There are two main types:
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis, which flares up during specific times of the year, typically due to pollen from trees, grass, or weeds.
- Perennial allergic rhinitis, which occurs year-round and is usually triggered by indoor allergens like dust mites, mold, or pet dander.
Although it’s not a life-threatening condition, allergic rhinitis can significantly affect your quality of life. It can interfere with your sleep, reduce your focus at work or school, and leave you feeling drained and irritable.
Common Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
Recognizing the symptoms is the first step toward finding relief. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and often include:
-
Frequent sneezing
-
Stuffy or runny nose
-
Postnasal drip
-
Itchy nose, throat, or eyes
-
Watery or red eyes
-
Coughing
-
Headaches or sinus pressure
-
Fatigue or brain fog, especially after poor sleep
Symptoms typically appear shortly after exposure to an allergen and may worsen during certain times of the year or in specific environments. For instance, spring may bring an increase in tree pollen, while winter may trigger reactions to indoor mold or pet dander.
Diagnosing Allergic Rhinitis
Getting the right diagnosis is key to managing allergic rhinitis effectively. While some people self-diagnose and treat with over-the-counter remedies, professional evaluation helps identify the exact triggers and the best allergy treatment plan.
Dr. Roberson will begin by asking detailed questions about your symptoms, including:
1) When do your symptoms occur?2) Do they worsen at certain times of day or in certain locations?
3) Are there known allergens or environments that seem to trigger your symptoms?
4) Is there a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema?
Your answers help build a picture of what might be causing your symptoms and whether allergic rhinitis is the likely culprit.A physical exam may involve:
- Inspecting the nasal passages for swelling or discharge
- Looking at the eyes for signs of irritation
- Checking the ears and throat for fluid buildup or signs of inflammation
These physical signs can support the diagnosis and help rule out other conditions like sinus infections or non-allergic rhinitis.
If your history and symptoms suggest allergies, testing may be recommended to identify specific triggers. There are two main types:
1) Skin Prick Test
This is the most common and quickest method. Tiny amounts of suspected allergens are placed on your skin, usually on your forearm or upper back. The skin is then lightly pricked so the allergen can enter just below the surface. If you’re allergic, a small bump will form at the test site within 15–20 minutes.
Skin tests are safe, effective, and widely used to identify environmental allergens like pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander.
2) Blood Test (Specific IgE Test)
In cases where a skin test isn’t suitable such as when you have a skin condition or are taking medications that interfere with results, a blood test may be used. This test measures the amount of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in response to specific allergens.
Treatment Options for Allergic Rhinitis
Once you’ve been diagnosed, the next step is managing your symptoms effectively. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but the good news is that there are many options to consider.
Allergen Avoidance
Avoiding triggers is one of the most effective ways to manage allergic rhinitis, especially when allergens have been clearly identified. Some helpful strategies include:
-
Use HEPA filters in your home’s HVAC system and vacuum cleaner
-
Keep windows closed during high-pollen seasons
-
Wash bedding in hot water weekly to reduce dust mites
-
Avoid outdoor activities during peak pollen times (early morning and windy days)
-
Bathe pets regularly and keep them out of the bedroom if you're allergic to dander
-
Reduce indoor humidity to limit mold growth
While complete avoidance may not be possible, reducing exposure can make a noticeable difference.
Medications
Many people rely on medications, either over-the-counter or prescription, to manage their symptoms. The choice depends on symptom severity, frequency, and your response to treatment.
Antihistamines
These block histamine, the chemical responsible for allergic symptoms. They help relieve sneezing, itching, and runny nose.
- Oral options include cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), and fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Nasal sprays such as azelastine can offer targeted relief
- Newer antihistamines typically cause less drowsiness than older versions.
Nasal Corticosteroids
These are often considered the most effective long-term treatment for allergic rhinitis. They reduce inflammation and relieve all major symptoms, including congestion.
Examples include:
- Fluticasone (Flonase)
- Budesonide (Rhinocort)
- Mometasone (Nasonex)
These work best when used consistently and may take several days to reach full effectiveness.
Decongestants
These shrink swollen nasal tissues and help open up airways. They are available as nasal sprays or oral medications, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed).
Note: Nasal decongestant sprays like oxymetazoline (Afrin) should only be used for a few days in a row to avoid rebound congestion.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Medications like montelukast (Singulair) can help manage allergic rhinitis, especially if you also have asthma. They block chemicals involved in allergic responses and inflammation.
Immunotherapy
If your symptoms are severe or long-lasting and you don’t respond well to medications, immunotherapy may be an option.
Allergy Shots (Subcutaneous Immunotherapy)
These involve a series of injections that gradually introduce allergens into your system. Over time, your immune system becomes less reactive to the allergens.
- Typically involves weekly shots during the buildup phase
- Eventually transitions to monthly maintenance shots
- Can take 3–5 years for full effect
Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)
Instead of injections, small doses of the allergen are placed under your tongue in tablet form. SLIT is approved for some allergens, such as grass and ragweed pollen, and dust mites.
Immunotherapy is a long-term commitment but can offer lasting relief, even after treatment stops.
Natural and Lifestyle Remedies
In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle changes and natural remedies can provide added support:
- Saline nasal rinses or neti pots can help clear out allergens and mucus
- Wearing a mask outdoors during high pollen times can limit exposure
- Showering after being outside helps remove allergens from your skin and hair
- Using a humidifier can keep nasal passages moist, although it should be cleaned regularly to prevent mold
Some people explore herbal supplements like quercetin or butterbur, but these should only be taken under medical supervision due to potential side effects or interactions.
When to See a Specialist
If over-the-counter remedies and basic avoidance strategies aren’t helping, it’s time to consult a specialist. You should consider seeing Dr. Scott Roberson if:
- Your symptoms are interfering with daily life or sleep
- You’re not sure what’s triggering your allergies
- You experience side effects from medications
- You have additional conditions like asthma or frequent sinus infections
Dr. Roberson offers personalized allergy testing, treatment plans, and follow-up care to help you feel your best year-round.
Children and Allergic Rhinitis
Children can also suffer from allergic rhinitis, which may affect their performance in school or cause behavioral issues due to poor sleep. Pediatric symptoms often mirror those in adults, but diagnosis and treatment should be age-appropriate.
Dr. Roberson provides evaluations for both adults and children, with care plans designed to suit each age group.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. While they share symptoms like runny nose and sneezing, allergic rhinitis does not cause fever and tends to last much longer than a cold.
Allergic rhinitis and asthma often coexist. Treating one can help control the other. In some cases, poorly managed rhinitis may worsen asthma symptoms.
It’s possible, especially in children, but most people require ongoing management. Immunotherapy can sometimes lead to long-term relief.
Skin prick tests cause minimal discomfort; most patients describe them as slightly itchy but not painful.
Take Control of Your Allergies Today
Living with allergic rhinitis doesn’t have to be your normal. From advanced allergy testing to personalized treatment plans, Dr. Scott Roberson is committed to helping patients breathe easier and feel better season after season.
If you’re tired of sneezing, congestion, and constant discomfort, don’t wait. Schedule your allergy consultation with Dr. Scott Roberson today and discover a path to lasting relief.
Patient Stories
Deborah's Story: Overcoming Sleep Apnea and Sinus Issues
The first and foremost thing was—I went deaf. So, I was pretty panicked. I’ve always had breathing issues and sinus issues. I developed sleep apnea and didn’t even know I had it. Since then, I’ve been rebuilt from the chin up to my eyes—pretty much a complete overhaul.
READ MORE
Richard's Story: From Sleepless Nights to Restful Relief
I’ve always had a hard time breathing, and I just couldn’t take it anymore. I slept maybe four or five hours a night because I would wake up unable to breathe.
READ MORE
Shainiqua's Story: Life After Chronic Sinus Problems
Before I came to see Dr. Robertson, I struggled with sinus issues year-round. I was miserable all the time and always had to make sure I carried tissues everywhere I went. I didn’t have a good quality of life.
READ MORE